{"id":28,"date":"2025-03-21T15:34:20","date_gmt":"2025-03-21T12:34:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/montessorigreece.gr\/?page_id=28"},"modified":"2026-08-07T16:12:49","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T13:12:49","slug":"dr-maria-montessori","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/montessorigreece.gr\/en\/dr-maria-montessori\/","title":{"rendered":"Dr Maria Montessori"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"28\" class=\"elementor elementor-28\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb73e70 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fb73e70\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ce7cc2 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8ce7cc2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab9befe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ab9befe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba87983 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ba87983\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dr Maria Montessori<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c950a30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c950a30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>1870 \u2013 1952<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f40ce74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f40ce74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"690\" height=\"568\" src=\"https:\/\/montessorigreece.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Maria_Montessori1913-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-534\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/montessorigreece.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Maria_Montessori1913-1.jpg 690w, https:\/\/montessorigreece.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Maria_Montessori1913-1-300x247.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ecf178 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ecf178\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>.elementor-element-3ecf178{display:none !important}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcb514a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bcb514a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Maria Montessori was born on the 31st August 1870, in Chiaravalle, Italy. From an early age she broke through the traditional barriers for women, attending a technical school with initial ambitions to be an engineer, to go on to choose a career in medicine. In 1896 Montessori became one of the first Italian women ever to obtain a medical degree. In her early career as a doctor, she was asked to represent Italy at the International Congress for women\u2019s rights in Berlin, where she called for equal pay for women.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aadde1f e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aadde1f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3be960 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f3be960\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/montessorigreece.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/default3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2937\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/montessorigreece.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/default3.jpg 600w, https:\/\/montessorigreece.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/default3-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/montessorigreece.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/default3-8x12.jpg 8w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a98ee5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a98ee5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"714\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/montessorigreece.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/maria-montessori-children-02-714x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2938\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/montessorigreece.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/maria-montessori-children-02-714x1024.jpg 714w, https:\/\/montessorigreece.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/maria-montessori-children-02-209x300.jpg 209w, https:\/\/montessorigreece.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/maria-montessori-children-02-768x1101.jpg 768w, https:\/\/montessorigreece.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/maria-montessori-children-02-1071x1536.jpg 1071w, https:\/\/montessorigreece.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/maria-montessori-children-02-8x12.jpg 8w, https:\/\/montessorigreece.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/maria-montessori-children-02.jpg 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 714px) 100vw, 714px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-622bd80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"622bd80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>.elementor-element-622bd80{display:none !important}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52f6a87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52f6a87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p>As a doctor her interests led her to join a research programme at the Psychiatric Clinic of the University of Rome, where she came to work with differently abled children. Through her in depth research, observation and analysis, Montessori developed a pedagogical approach which resulted in incredible outcomes for these children. At just 28 she addressed medical and pedagogical congresses, advocating for greater support for children with such difficulties and putting forward the controversial notion of education for social reform. While her work in this area received a great deal of acclaim, Maria Montessori discovered her techniques were applicable for use with all children, with extremely successful outcomes. She established the first of her \u201cCasa dei Bambini\u201d (children\u2019s house) in Rome in 1907 and delivered her first training course in 1909. The success of the Montessori method spread throughout the world and Montessori travelled and lectured extensively on her unique, child centred approach, establishing schools and a loyal following of educators and researchers.<\/p><p>In her career she came up against opposition from fascist regimes, witnessed some of her work being destroyed during the war, and had to reside in India for 7 years until she was able to return to a war free Europe. An advocate of education for peace, Maria Montessori spoke in Geneva on the topic of peace in 1932 at the Bureau de l&#8221;Education (forerunner of UNESCO). She believed strongly in the power of education to bring about social reform and was nominated three times for a Nobel Peace Prize. Her son, Mario Montessori, worked with her across the world and continued her work following her death in 1952.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64b72e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"64b72e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"613\" height=\"424\" src=\"https:\/\/montessorigreece.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Picture1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2702\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/montessorigreece.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Picture1.png 613w, https:\/\/montessorigreece.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Picture1-300x208.png 300w, https:\/\/montessorigreece.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Picture1-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 613px) 100vw, 613px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8566a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8566a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Today Montessori education is present in more than 25,000 schools across the world and in more than 140 countries. Montessori left the world a legacy of a truly universal approach to the education of not just the child, but the whole human being, with a global impact which continues to be felt today.<\/p><p>Article on: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/montessori150.org\/maria-montessori\/maria-montessori-pioneer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">link<\/a><\/span><br \/>Full Biography on the AMI website dedicated to 150 years from Montessori\u2019s birth, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/montessori150.org\/maria-montessori\/biography-maria-montessori\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f74f55e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f74f55e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>.elementor-element-f74f55e{display:none !important}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0a1c6b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d0a1c6b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cafe00 scrollabletext montessoribio elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2cafe00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>.elementor-element-2cafe00{display:none !important}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c140581 scrollabletext montessoribio elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c140581\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>1870<\/p><p>Maria Montessori born on August 31 in Chiaravalle, Ancona province, Italy.<\/p><p>1875<\/p><p>The family moves to Rome and she attends a boys\u2019 school in Rome, with a science\/engineering emphasis -Liceo Leonardo da Vinci<\/p><p>1890<\/p><p>Against opposition from her father, she pursues her wish to become a doctor.<\/p><p>1896<\/p><p>Becomes one of the first women to obtain a Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Rome.<\/p><p>Represents Italy at the International Women\u2019s Congress in Berlin; delivers address on rights of working women, including equal pay for equal\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.montessori-ami.org\/help\/glossary\/work\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">work<\/a>.<\/p><p>Studies the writings of French doctors Itard and S\u00e9guin, who worked with children with a disability.<\/p><p>1897-98<\/p><p>Audits courses in pedagogy at the University of Rome; reads all major works in educational philosophy over the past 200 years.<\/p><p>1899<\/p><p>Attends women\u2019s congress in London; received by Queen Victoria.<\/p><p>1899-1906<\/p><p>Lectureship in hygiene and anthropology at the teacher training college for women in Rome.<\/p><p>1900<\/p><p>Works at the psychiatric clinic in Rome.<\/p><p>Appointed director of the Orthophrenic School, a model school for training teachers of children with developmental disabilities. For two years, she experiments at the model school with materials to stimulate the senses. She succeeds in fostering the development of some of the children to such an extent that they achieve the same results on state exams as their neurotypical peers.<\/p><p>1901<\/p><p>Begins a second degree at the University of Rome \u2014in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.montessori-ami.org\/help\/glossary\/education\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">education<\/a>, experimental psychology, psychology of education and anthropology. Visits elementary schools to do anthropological research.<\/p><p>1904-08<\/p><p>Lectures in anthropology and biology at the University of Rome\u2019s school of education, incorporating her clinical observations of pupils in Rome\u2019s elementary schools. These lectures become the basis of her book\u00a0Pedagogical Anthropology\u00a0(1910).<\/p><p>1907<\/p><p>First Children\u2019s House (Casa dei Bambini) is opened at 53 Via dei Marsi in the San Lorenzo district of Rome on the Feast of the Epiphany, January 6.<\/p><p>1908<\/p><p>The Children\u2019s House on Via Solari in Milan, run by Anna Maria Maccheroni, is opened.<\/p><p>1909<\/p><p>Gives the first training course in her method to about 100 students in Citt\u00e0 di Castello. There, she writes, in the space of a month, her first book,\u00a0Il Metodo della Pedagogia Scientifica applicato all\u2019educazione infantile nelle Case dei Bambini.\u00a0In the years to follow, this book is translated into over 20 languages. The English edition is titled\u00a0The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.montessori-ami.org\/help\/glossary\/montessori-method\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Montessori Method<\/a>.<\/p><p>1910<\/p><p>Two parallel teacher training courses are held in the Franciscan convent on Via Giusti in Rome, where there is a model Children\u2019s House.<\/p><p>Second book:\u00a0L\u2019Antropologia pedagogica (Pedagogical Anthropology).<\/p><p>1911<\/p><p>Resigns her teaching post at the University of Rome and gives up her private medical practice to concentrate entirely on education.<\/p><p>The Montessori method is already being put into practice in English and Argentinian schools and is beginning to be introduced into Italian and Swiss primary schools.<\/p><p>Model schools set up in Paris, New York, and Boston.<\/p><p>1912<\/p><p>The English version of\u00a0Il Metodo\u00a0appears in the U.S. in an edition of 5,000 copies under the title\u00a0The Montessori Method. Within a few days, it is sold out. It reaches second place on the year\u2019s list of nonfiction bestsellers.<\/p><p>1913<\/p><p>Runs the First International Training Course in her apartment in Rome, under the patronage of Italy&#8217;s Queen Margherita. Students come from Italy and other European countries, Australia, South Africa, India, China, the Philippines, Cananda \u2013 and 61 students form the United States alone.<\/p><p>Montessori Educational Association founded in the United States. Its membership includes Alexander Graham Bell, his wife, Mabel Bell, S.S. McClure, and President Wilson\u2019s daughter, Margaret Woodrow Wilson.<\/p><p>First trip to the United States.<\/p><p>1914<\/p><p>Second International Training Course in Rome.<\/p><p>Opening of the first Montessori nursery in England.<\/p><p>Montessori\u2019s third book,\u00a0Dr. Montessori\u2019s Own Handbook, is published in New York.<\/p><p>1915<\/p><p>Second trip to the United States, accompanied by her son, Mario. Addresses International Kindergarten Union and National Educational Association (NEA), and runs a training course, the Third International Course.<\/p><p>At the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco, a Montessori class works in a glass pavilion observed by visitors.<\/p><p>Dr Montessori\u2019s NEA lectures are published in New York:\u00a0My System of Education, The Organization of Intellectual Work in School, Education in Relation to the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.montessori-ami.org\/help\/glossary\/imagination\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Imagination<\/a>\u00a0of the Little Child,\u00a0and\u00a0The Mother and the Child.<\/p><p>1916<\/p><p>Moves to Barcelona at the invitation of the city government; Barcelona remains her home until the coup in 1936 that brings General Franco to power.<\/p><p>Fourth International Training Course in Barcelona.<\/p><p>Model Montessori school and a children\u2019s chapel are set up in Barcelona, as well as a teacher training institute, with the backing of the Catalan government.<\/p><p>Her fourth book appears,\u00a0L\u2019autoeducazione nelle Scuole Elementari\u00a0(English title:\u00a0The Advanced Montessori Method).<\/p><p>1919<\/p><p>First Training course in London (over 2000 applicants)<\/p><p>using the format that would become standard: fifty hours of lectures, fifty hours of teaching using the materials, fifty hours of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.montessori-ami.org\/help\/glossary\/observation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">observation<\/a>\u00a0of Montessori classes.<\/p><p>1920<\/p><p>Lectures at Amsterdam University.<\/p><p>1921<\/p><p>First Nursery and Elementary School in Amsterdam<\/p><p>Training courses in London and Milan.<\/p><p>Founding of the New Education Fellowship (today known as the World Education Fellowship), of which Maria Montessori is an active member, engaging in heated debate with the leading educational reformers of the time.<\/p><p>1922<\/p><p>Publication of\u00a0\u201cI Bambini Viventi Nella Chiesa&#8221;\u00a0in Naples (English edition\u00a0The Child in the Church,\u00a0London 1929), Maria Montessori\u2019s first book on the Catholic liturgy as it may be presented to the child.<\/p><p>First Children\u2019s House in Vienna set up by Lili Roubiczek.<\/p><p>1923<\/p><p>Training courses in London and the Netherlands.<\/p><p>Montessori\u2019s first visit to the\u00a0Haus der Kinder\u00a0in Vienna; start of her collaboration and friendship with Lili Roubiczek (Peller), Lisl Herbatschek (Braun), and others.<\/p><p>1924<\/p><p>Four-month training course in Amsterdam.<\/p><p>Meeting of Montessori with Benito Mussolini (who had come to power in 1922) results in official recognition and widespread establishment of Montessori schools by the Italian government.<\/p><p>1925<\/p><p>Training course in London. Dr Montessori\u2019s son, Mario, takes this course and receives his Montessori Diploma.<\/p><p>1926<\/p><p>Visits Argentina.<\/p><p>Speaks on \u201cEducation and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.montessori-ami.org\/help\/glossary\/peace\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Peace<\/a>\u201d at the League of Nations in Geneva.<\/p><p>1927<\/p><p>Presented at the English court.<\/p><p>Visits schools in Ireland for the first time.<\/p><p>1928<\/p><p>The book\u00a0Das Kind in der Familie,\u00a0based on lectures she gave in 1923 in Vienna, is published in German. (It\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.montessori-ami.org\/help\/glossary\/will\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">will<\/a>\u00a0be issued in English as\u00a0The Child in the Family\u00a0in 1936.)<\/p><p>1929<\/p><p>A Montessori teacher training centre with a model Montessori school is built in Rome; collaboration between Maria Montessori and the architects.<\/p><p>First International Montessori Congress in Helsing\u00f8r, Denmark.<\/p><p>In conjunction with her son, Mario, founds the Association Montessori Internationale (AMI), with headquarters in Berlin (until 1935; after that in Amsterdam).<\/p><p>1930<\/p><p>International Training Course in Rome.<\/p><p>Lectures in Vienna, during which she becomes acquainted with Anna Freud (founder of child psychoanalysis and daughter of Sigmund Freud).<\/p><p>1931<\/p><p>International Training Courses in Rome and England.<\/p><p>Lectures at Berlin University.<\/p><p>Mahatma Gandhi, leader of the Indian\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.montessori-ami.org\/help\/glossary\/independence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0399ndependence<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.montessori-ami.org\/help\/glossary\/movement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u039covement<\/a>, visits Montessori schools in Rome.<\/p><p>1932<\/p><p>Second International Montessori Congress in Nice, France. Montessori delivers lecture\u00a0Peace and Education,\u00a0published by the International Bureau of Education, Geneva.<\/p><p>Publications:\u00a0La Vita in Cristo\u00a0(Rome),\u00a0Ideas Generales Sobre Mi M\u00e9todo\u00a0(Madrid),\u00a0The Mass Explained to Children\u00a0(London).<\/p><p>1933<\/p><p>The Nazis systematically destroy the Montessori movement in Germany, closing all Montessori schools.<\/p><p>Third International Montessori Congress in Amsterdam.<\/p><p>Training courses in London, Dublin, and Barcelona.<\/p><p>1934<\/p><p>Fourth International Montessori Congress in Rome.<\/p><p>After conflicts with the fascist system, all Montessori schools in Italy \u201ccease to exist \u2026 in a single day\u201d (Rita Kramer). She is forced to flee Italy and settles in Spain.<\/p><p>Psico-Aritm\u00e9tica\u00a0and\u00a0Psico-Geometr\u00eda\u00a0published in Barcelona.<\/p><p>1936<\/p><p>Fifth International Montessori Congress in Oxford, England; development of further principles of Montessori education for Elementary (Cosmic Education) and for secondary schools.<\/p><p>General Franco\u2019s coup; Maria Montessori flees Barcelona for England and then Amsterdam. The Netherlands becomes her home; a training centre with model school is set up in Laren, near Amsterdam (materials on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.montessori-ami.org\/help\/glossary\/cosmic-education\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cosmic Education<\/a>\u00a0are used for the first time), and AMI moves its headquarters there. At this time there are over 200 Montessori schools in the Netherlands.<\/p><p>Publications:\u00a0The Secret of Childhood\u00a0(London),\u00a0Les Etapes de L\u2019Education\u00a0(Bruges, Belgium).<\/p><p>1937<\/p><p>Sixth International Montessori Congress in Copenhagen; the theme is \u201cEducate for Peace.\u201d Montessori delivers several lectures later collected in\u00a0Education and Peace\u00a0(first published in Italy as\u00a0Educazione e Pace,\u00a01949).<\/p><p>1938<\/p><p>Seventh International Montessori Congress in Edinburgh, Scotland.<\/p><p>Speech at the Sorbonne in Paris in which she makes one of her numerous appeals for peace.<\/p><p>1939<\/p><p>\u201cGod en het Kind\u201d\u00a0(\u201cGod and the Child\u201d) and\u00a0\u201cThe \u2018Erdkinder\u2019 and the Functions of the University:\u00a0The Reform of Education During and After Adolescence\u201d\u00a0published in the Netherlands.<\/p><p>Departs for India with Mario to run what was to be a three-month training course at the invitation of the Theosophical Society, which has been using the Montessori method to successfully combat illiteracy but stays for 7 years.<\/p><p>1940<\/p><p>Italy enters World War II on the side of the Germans. In June, Mario Montessori interned by the British colonial government in India as an enemy alien, and Maria Montessori confined to the compound of the Theosophical Society. Mario is released in August out of the Viceroy\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.montessori-ami.org\/help\/glossary\/respect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">respect<\/a>\u00a0for Maria Montessori and to honor her 70<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0birthday. Still, the Montessoris are not allowed to leave the country until the war is over.<\/p><p>1939-1946<\/p><p>Training courses in Madras, Kodaikanal, Karachi, and Ahmedabad in India, and in Ceylon.<\/p><p>Further develops the Cosmic Education Plan for the Elementary years with Mario\u2019s collaboration.<\/p><p>1941-1942<\/p><p>The Child\u00a0(1941) and\u00a0Reconstruction in Education\u00a0(1942) published in India.<\/p><p>1946<\/p><p>The war over, Maria and Mario Montessori return to Europe.<\/p><p>Training course in London; visit to Scotland.<\/p><p>Education for a New World\u00a0published in India.<\/p><p>1947<\/p><p>Maria and Mario Montessori establish a Montessori Centre in North London.<\/p><p>Trip to Italy: revival of the Montessori Society. Montessori establishments start to be reopened. Assistants to Infancy work initiated in Rome.<\/p><p>Return to India to give a training course in Adyar.<\/p><p>1948<\/p><p>Training courses in Ahmedabad, Adyar, and Poona; lectures in Bombay.<\/p><p>Trip to Gwalior, India; supervises the opening of a model school up to age twelve.<\/p><p>Visit to the Montessori training centre with model school in Colombo (Ceylon).<\/p><p>De l\u2019enfant \u00e1 l\u2019adolescent\u00a0(From Childhood to Adolescence)\u00a0published in French. This book sets out Maria Montessori\u2019s concepts for elementary and adolescent education.<\/p><p>The Discovery of the Child, To Educate the Human Potential, What You Should Know about Your Child,\u00a0and\u00a0Child Training published in Madras, India.<\/p><p>1949<\/p><p>First nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize (again in 1950 and 1951).<\/p><p>One-month training course in Pakistan, assisted by Mario and Albert Joosten.<\/p><p>Definitive return to Europe. Eighth International Montessori Congress in San Remo, Italy.<\/p><p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.montessori-ami.org\/help\/glossary\/absorbent-mind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Absorbent Mind<\/a>\u00a0published in India.<\/p><p>Publication of her last major work:\u00a0Formazione dell\u2019uomo\u00a0(in English,\u00a0The Formation of Man, Adyar 1955).<\/p><p>1950<\/p><p>Lecture tour of Norway and Sweden.<\/p><p>Speaks at the General Conference of UNESCO in Florence.<\/p><p>International conference in Amsterdam in honour of Maria Montessori\u2019s 80<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0birthday.<\/p><p>1951<\/p><p>Ninth International Montessori Congress in London.<\/p><p>Last training course run by Maria Montessori held in Innsbruck, Austria.<\/p><p>1952<\/p><p>Maria Montessori dies May 6 in Noordwijk aan Zee, Netherlands; she is buried at the local Catholic cemetery. On her tomb one reads: <em>&#8220;lo prego i cari bambini che possono tutto di unirsi a me per la construzione della pace negli uomini e nel mondo. (I beg the dear all-powerful children to unite with me for the building of<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/archives.montessori-ami.org\/help\/glossary\/peace\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">peace<\/a><em>\u00a0in Man and in the world.)\u201d<\/em><\/p><p>*This timeline was based on information found on the <a href=\"https:\/\/montessori-ami.org\/resource-library\/facts\/timeline-maria-montessoris-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AMI Website<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-786c083 fullwidth e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"786c083\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dffa03e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dffa03e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" 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\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 31 \u0391\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1870, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2, 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